Lights & Beautiful Colors

This week in physics we began a new unit which covers information on electromagnetic waves/color. Electromagnetic waves are capable of going through a vacuum, they are produced by a vibrating charge. These waves exist with a range of different frequencies. You can analyze these different waves and frequencies on a thing known as the electromagnetic spectrum. By now it is common knowledge that lower frequencies have longer wavelengths and vice versa.

I have inserted this image from google that shows the different frequencies. It also compares the visible light spectrum. This diagram can show us the different types of color that can be seen. Light refers to a type of electromagnetic wave that stimulates a part of our eyes known as the retina. Each wavelength within the spectrum of visible light has a specific color so that when light of that wavelength hits our eyes we can see color. In class this past week we discussed different types of visible light and we were able to use laser pointers to try and analyze different colors. When all the wavelengths of the visible light spectrum hit our retinas they come together to form white. White is the result of all the colors mixed together. We also learned that black is just simply the absence of color and light. Here are some images from class: 

Here you can clearly see the red light because it is part of the visible light spectrum. It was hard to get this picture because our camera lens does not work the same way as our eyes with picking up light and such. 

Update on Energy Project

So basically, this week my blog post is dedicated to updating you all on my project and how it is coming along. I have mentioned before that my project was based on stopping the use of my dryer and hoping to see some type of decrease in my energy bill. This week has been my second week or so of keeping up with my experiment. The ironic part in this all, is that my dryer actually broke a few days ago therefore there is no option but to actually hang out clothes. I must say it is really not that hard to hang laundry onto a clothes line. So far there are many lessons that I have learned throughout this project. For example, it is good to save money but it takes actual effort to save a few bucks. Another thing I learned from this project is how easy we have it these days. We have machines to do everything for us, from washing dishes to drying clothes. Drying clothes is a task that can done freely by using the power of the sun. I often wonder why we pay money to complete a task when it can be done for free?

Here I inserted a picture of the sun, to remind us how beautiful it really is and how much money it can save us on our energy bills. So far throughout this experiment I have realized how useful of a tool this is, and it really is so valuable. Hopefully at the end of this experiment I can fully appreciate the greatness of the sun and find/discover a way to use it to it's full potential. 

Sound Waves & The Doppler Affect

In the physics classroom this week we learned all about sound waves. In this unit of sound waves a large topic was the Doppler effect. The Doppler effect can be observed whenever the source creating waves is moving relative to an observer. The Doppler effect is often defined as the effect created by a moving source of waves in which there is an increase in frequency for observers who are being approached by the source and a decrease in frequency for observers from whom the source is receding. I know that is a lot of information in just one section, but I will insert a diagram used in class to help you understand what exactly is going on.

So I inserted this image from google to further help you understand what exactly the Doppler effect is. This diagram is pretty self-explanatory as to how it works and what it is. If a moving object is moving away from you the sound waves being emitted will reach you with low frequency and long wavelengths. As opposed to someone who is standing in front of the moving object as it moves towards you. The sound waves they receive will have high frequency and small wavelengths. 

Waaaater Wavessss

When you think about waves, what are the first waves that come to your mind? Well for me it's water waves from the ocean. In class we learned that wind creates the waves in the ocean. All my life I just believed waves were something that just comes and goes with the tide. But after this week, I learned so much more about waves and how complex they really are. To start off, let me address three factors that affect the size of waves: 1) Speed of the wind 2) Period of the wind 3) distance of the water the wind will blow. With these three factors in hand we can image that the biggest waves happen when the wind is blowing fast, for a large amount of time, and where there is distance to blow these waves. Some other properties we learned about when it came to waves, are the different parts of a wave. For example every wave has a crest, which is the very tops of the waves. The opposite of the crest in a wave, is the trough which is basically the lowest points of the wave. Vertical distance from trough to trough is known as the wave height (amplitude). The distance from crest to crest is known as the wavelength. Waves also have a property of time, which is the time between each wave. Waves typically travel very fast in deep water, but slowly in shallower water. The reason for this is because of the specific orbits in the wave having to do with it's energy. When the orbits start to hit the bottom and slow down the wave, this creates wave breaks. There are three types of wave breaks: 1) spilling 2) plunging 3) surging waves. Spilling wave break gently at the top of waves and spill to the front. Plunging waves happen when a wave goes from deep water to shallow water relatively quickly. Surging waves create a bulge near shorelines when they break. These type of waves rush up shore quickly and rush back just as quick. Below I inserted a video link to a video my friend and I shot at the Sandy's that display different kinds of breaks. From what I know I would assume that the waves at Sandy's are considered surging waves because of how they rush up to shore and back out quickly. But, correct me if I'm wrong. Leave a comment down below :)


http://iconosquare.com/viewer.php#/detail/702321157105352112_9800094

Explaining Wave Superposition

This week in class we discussed the principle of superposition. The principle of superposition: when two waves interfere, the resulting displacement of the medium at any location is the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that same location. This principle can be applied to waves whenever two or more are traveling through the same medium at the same time. When these waves pass through each other they do not cause much disturbance. This principle has much to do with the interference of waves. The interferences can either be constructive or destructive it all depends on certain qualities of the waves. Constructive interference happens at any location throughout the medium where two waves have a displacement in the same direction. In this type of interference typically both waves have an upward displacement. Destructive interference occurs at any location throughout when two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction. These qualities result in the waves becoming flat and ultimately destroying each other. In this type of interference the waves are basically canceling each other out.

Above is a picture of two transverse waves interfering with each other to create a constructive interference. In the diagram you see how they come together to form a large wave but eventually continue to flow and pass through each other. 

What are Waves?

This week in class, we were introduced to a new topic. We started to talk about waves and what they are exactly. Well basically a wave is a disturbance or oscillation (vibrating) that travels through a medium from one location to another. A medium is defined as material that carries the wave. There are various types of mediums in the universe. Another thing we discussed is the two different types of waves. Transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Transverse waves have energy that moves perpendicular to the wave motion, while on the other hand longitudinal waves contains energy that moves parallel to the wave motion. Some examples of a transverse wave include, ripples on a pond or an actual WAVE in a stadium or sporting event. An example of a longitudinal wave is like a sound wave. Below I have included a video of my brother singing

This would be an example of a longitudinal wave because he is creating sound waves. Although we are unable to actually visually see the sound waves we are able to hear them. These waves are created by the oscillation or the vibrating of Duke's voice. His vocal chords vibrate to create this noise that we hear that is considered a longitudinal wave because the energy is traveling parallel to wave motion. 

Multimeterssssss

Recently in class we have been learning about circuits and how they work. In doing so we were introduced to a tool known as a multimeter which helps us to find different values for certain things such as resistance, current, and voltage. This tool is very useful because it allows us to get accurate values without having to do it manually with equations. This is what a multimeter looks like:

(http://media.onsugar.com)

As you can see in the picture above the dial is what tells the multimeter to measure. The two prongs coming out of the multimeter are used to put onto the circuit directly so that we can measure the values. The numbers on the screen are obviously going to be the values. Typically multimeters will also give you the unit in which the value is being measured. Another use for a multimeter other then in physics class is to check if a battery is dead or not. Therefore multimeters are a very useful piece of equipment that makes the world a much better place. 

Energy Saving Project

This week in class we were introduced to a new project in which we will be starting. Basically what we are doing is analyzing our energy usage and ways to lower our consumption. In this project we will use various skills that we have used thus far to calculate numbers and figure out what we can do as an individual to lower our electric bill. In my household my family spends about $24.50 on using the dryer alone. It does not seem like a lot of money but in the end it adds up. My job while doing this experiment is to lower that number and save my family money. My plans include to simply just direct my family to hang our laundry instead of using the dryer. I believe that if we stay strict to our plans we really can lower our electric bill. My only fear for this project would probably be that my family members will not participate fully causing my predictions to become false. All I can do is hope for the best and do my part of the project. Another obstacle I might face though, is not being able to have solid evidence that my efforts were successful. I say this because my family cannot always provide me with an electric bill to prove the money saved for each month.

A vital part of this experiment is to create a lab report. Mr. Blake had mentioned that he will be grading us based on another persons opinion. Therefore I must make my lab report as thorough as possible so that a stranger who has no idea what this project is about will be able to understand what is the goal and what I am trying to do.

This is a picture of my washer and my dryer is on the side. 

Circuits

There are two different circuits we learned about this week in class. The first type is a series circuit. Basically this is a circuit that has only one path to take because the resistors are arranged in a chain like form. One characteristic of this circuit is that current is the same all the way through. Another thing that is special to this circuit is that the resistance can be found by simply just adding up all of the resistances.
An example of a series circuit includes a flashlight because the entire mechanism has only one circuit that makes it work. This is an image of my uncle's flashlight:

The switch, wires, and bulb are all together in one circuit making it a series circuit.

The second circuit that we learned about is a parallel circuit. In this type of circuit resistors are arranged with their heads together and their tails together. Unlike a series circuit a parallel circuit breaks up into different paths. One characteristic of this circuit is that voltage across the circuit remains the same. When calculating the resistance of a parallel circuit you must add all the resistor values in inverse then again inverse the answer. 

Ohm's Law

This week in class we learned about Ohm's law and how important it is in physics and understanding circuits. Basically what it is, is an equation that can be used to understand and find certain variables for potential difference, current, and resistance.

These are Ohm's Laws:

(http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/dccircuits/dcp23.gif)

The basic equation for all three equations is V=I*R and from that one equation you can derive two others that are used to help find variables in a circuit. The reason why these equations are known as Ohm's laws are due to the fact that Georg Ohm was the person who founded these equations and their function in physics. V stands for voltage, I stands for current, and R stands for resistance in a circuit.

Power is the rate at which energy is converted from the electrical energy of the moving charges to another form of some kind. We have seen power in previous parts of this course and it is relatively the same here. The amount of work being done basically. We can solve for power using this equation: P=VI. P stands for power, V stands for volts, and I stands for current. Another way to solve for power is using a variation of Ohm's law:

http://www.radioing.com/hamstart/ohms.gif

If you look at the blue section of this image, that is the equations that can be used to find power using Ohm's law.

It is obvious how useful Ohm's law in this unit. 

Electricity

This is a picture of an outlet, this is where electricity is drawn from.

Typically a regular wall plug like this disperses 120 volts of electricity.

What is electricity?
According to the dictionary, electricity is a form of energy resulting from the exsistance of charged particles. Electricity can be measured in watts. Electricity is considered a secondary energy source because it is made of many primary sources.

Why is electricity important?
Electricity is very important today for many reasons. The first and most broad reason is because it powers almost everything that we humans use in everyday life. Electricity, so to speak, makes our world go round. It powers almost everything from a phone to an entire household. Electricity is important because humans have found a way to use it so that it may save lives. A heart defibrillator is an electric box that basically shocks your heart and can bring a person back to life. Electricity helps many of us live life. It powers our lights, TV's, phones, stoves, and many other things that are necessary in our lifestyles here in the 21st century. Without electricity the world would just not be the same.

What is electric current?
Electric current is the flow of electric charge. Typically electric current is a flow of electrons through a wire. There are different ways to calculate current in a circuit. The first way is to use the equation I=Q/T. I stands for current, Q stands for the charge, and T stands for the time. Another equation used to calculate current in a circuit would be a part of ohm's law which I will later talk about in a different post. Current is measured in amperes, or otherwise shortened and known as amps.

What is resistance?
Resistance is the delay of movement of a charge in a circuit. Resistance is directly related to the length of a wire in a circuit and the number of collisions. Resistance also has an inverse relationship to the cross sectional area of a wire, which is basically how thick that wire is. It makes sense the the more area electricity has to flow the lower the resistance. Resistance is measured in ohms, and to calculate resistance we use Ohm's law, V=IR. V stands for volts, I stands for current, and R stands for resistance. This equation is very useful in trying to find multiple values.

Capacitors

Capacitor is something that holds energy in an electric field between two plates. Capacitors are very common in our world. Capacitors can be found in many various electronics. Such as TVʻs, DVD Players, and even computers. Capacitors are very important in our lives because they are what powers many of the things used in our everyday lives. Another example of a capacitor in our everyday lives is in a defibrillator. A defibrillator is used to start people's hearts if for some reason they stop beating. Obviously capacitors are very important in everyday life and they are useful. The science behind this concept is pretty straight forward. There is an electric field between two charged plates. The picture above is a picture of flash. Flash is also considered a capacitor.

Charge Force Law

This past week in class we discussed charges more deeply and how they work. We were also introduced to a few new equations that are especially vital in understanding this unit. The equation on the left can be used to calculate the force of the charges repulsion or attraction. The basic knowledge needed to be mastered for this unit is basically how like charges repel and different charges attract. We also used an electroscope to further understand charges and how they work. For instance a good example of what we learned based on an electroscope would be based on something we learned in class. So if a negative rod was placed on a neutral electroscope that electroscope would become negative also because only electrons can flow. Meaning that only electrons can move from one thing to another. The mani idea to remember with charges and charged objects they just want to be equal with each other so therefore they will lose electrons just to become equal with another and vice versa.

Electromagnetism

This week in class we learned about charges and how they work. We learned that everything has a charge in it. Mr. Blake made it very clear to try and understand there is no possible way for us to know if something has a positive or negative charge because we never can ever really see what the charge really is. But we use those terms just to refer to it. With this same topic we also talked about getting shocked. Everyone knows that getting shocked is not pleasurable but the science behind it is actually pretty amazing. Everything in the world wants to be balanced, especially charges. It always wants to be neutral. So when one object touches another object with a different charge then the two objects try to balance themselves therefore you feel the shock. It's actually very interesting when trying to understand why certain things work that way. In class we were also able to understand the concept of different charges, and the distributing of charges in this lab using magic tape. Basically it showed attractions and repels between charges. One main point to remember so far is that different charges attract and like charges repel.

Thankful for Physics

The topic for this weeks blog in honor of Thanksgiving, is what we are thankful for in physics. After a while trying to decide what I am thankful for I finally decided that the number one thing that I am truly thankful for in physics is gravity. There really is a lot to be thankful for in physics because physics is really what makes our world function the way it does. Gravity is what basically keeps us firm right on the ground and not floating around. Gravity is also equal to 9.8 m/s2. I am truly thankful for gravity because that is what makes Earth so special. In all honestly I rather be flat on the ground then floating around. Gravity is what allows us humans to do such amazing things like throw a ball, or kick a rock, or even do crazy flips. In life there are many things to be thankful for, but honestly gravity is what makes life possible and allows things to happen on this Earth.

Understanding Momentum

This week in class we learned about momentum and how it works. First and foremost I would like to explain what exactly momentum is. Momentum is a measure of motion. The equation based on momentum goes as follows: ΔP=mass*velocity. This basic equation can be used to solve the momentum of an object in motion. A conceptual way of explaining momentum is the force that something gets when it is being hit by another object exerting force. As there is conservation of mass, there is such thing known as conservation of momentum. Basically momentum cannot be created nor destroyed. It is just simply based on. Another aspect of physics that goes hand in hand with momentum is impulse. Impulse is the change in momentum. The equation for this goes as follows: I=ΔP (Pf-Pi). In class we used the example of a simple punch to further understand how impulse and momentum work. For a punch to have more momentum it must have more mass and more velocity. And if there is more momentum then there will be more impulse because impulse is just the change in momentum. Physics is all around and we can use it in everyday life.

Newtonʻs Second Law of Motion

In class this week we did an experiment to analyze Newton's second law of motion. Which has to do with the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. We did a number of trials which included changing the mass and then changing the force. This was a very successful lab that helped to further explain the law. To understand this concept we must remember that force is at equilibrium. But the equation for force goes as follows: F net= (mass)*(acceleration). So when you look at the equation if the mass is larger then the acceleration must be less because it has to equal that certain value. This experiment really enhanced my understanding of this law.

Newtonʻs First Law

This week in class we discussed and learned about Newtonʻs Laws of Motion. There are three laws:

1. Law of Inertia: objects in motion (rest) tend to stay in motion (rest) unless acted upon by outside unbalanced force.

2. Law of Acceleration: Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force on the object.

3. Action Reaction Law: For every action, there is an equal or opposite action. For every force, there is an equal or opposite force. Equal in magnitude, opposite in direction.

In class the one we focused on the most was the first law. The law of inertia. We did an experiment analyzing inertia using a frictionless disk. We pushed it across the floor to analyze how it will forever continue to stay in motion until something affects it. One example that Mr. Blake discussed that was actually very funny was in relation to us teenagers. He said an excuse to not do anything was to tell your parents about the first law of inertia. How an object at rest stays at rest. Therefore since I am an object at rest I will tend to stay at rest. I honestly thought that, that was a very funny example of physics in everyday life. Everyday I learn that there is physics more and more in everyday life. 

Predicting Landing Point

This week in physics we learned how to use formulas like d, a, t, and v, a, t, and d, v, t to solve for where an object would land coming off of a cliff or ledge. For example I could use certain givens like the height of the bed and acceleration of earth to calculate where the calculator would land on the x-axis. To me this is a pretty cool skill because it allows a person to make predictions and find out where something would land. A skill like this could be used for stuntman to determine if they could make a certain jump. Because we had a problem that modeled how certain velocities can affect the outcome of a distance. Therefore it is important to know where things will land.

Projectile Motion

This video is a video of me throwing a calculator. I took this video to show an example of projectile motion. Projectile motion is when an object is moving in both the x and y axis. As you can see the calculator is moving up and down as well as left and right. Therefore it is moving in both axis. Projectile motion is actually very interesting and it is around more then we think. For example a ball being thrown is also undergoing projectile motion. A person jumping from point A to point B is also projectile motion. In class this week we learned multiple different ways to find out certain measurements having to deal with projectile motion. Projectile motion can be actually beneficial in everyday life because it can help us further understand how things move and certain factors to it.